The legal future of tattoos – selected problems. An analysis of the case of Jeffrey B. Sedlik v. Katherine Von Drachenberg (Kat von D.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15290/Keywords:
tattoo, Copyright Law, Property Rights, implied license, fair useAbstract
Tattoos represent a multi-billion dollar industry that continues to experience growth (Global Tattoo Ink Market By Type..., 2024). In light of the expansion of this market, it is imperative to delineate the precise rights and responsibilities of tattoo parlour proprietors, artists, and their clientele. In practice, the majority of individuals with tattoos are unaware of their rights and obligations. It is not yet common practice for a client to request a release of liability signed by the tattoo artist. It is also important to recall that it is exceedingly challenging for the copyright holder of a design, or even a tattoo artist, to regulate the utilisation of the design. The paper examines the most significant case law pertaining to the legal protection of tattoos. The article employs the most recent and pivotal case law on the legal aspects of tattooing. Despite the analysis conducted (case law and literature on the subject), it is not feasible to derive consistent rules that could be applied in analogous cases.
Downloads
References
Bailey, J. (2023, May 18). How the Warhol Ruling Could Change Fair Use. https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2023/05/18/how-the-warhol-ruling-could-change-fair-use/.
Baumgartner, P. (2018, February 21). 'Un-Tattoo You': Russian Convict's Swastikas To Be 'Confiscated'. Radio Free Europe, available at: https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-prisoner-nazi-tattoo-confiscation-remove-self/29055107.html.
Cascone, S. (2022, June 24). A Photographer is Suing Tattoo Artist Kat Von D After She Inked His Portrait of Miles Davis on a Friend’s Body. Artnet News, available at: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/a-photographer-is-suing-tattoo-artist-kat-von-d-after-she-inked-his-portrait-of-miles-davis-on-a-friends-body-2135112.
Childers, C. ( 2024, January 29). Verdict Reached in Kat Von D Copyright Trial Over Tattoo. https://loudwire.com/kat-von-d-trial-alleged-copyright-miles-davis-portrait/?utm_source=tsmclip&utm_medium=referral.
Chintalapoodi, P. (2023, December 8), Court Dismisses Netflix “Tiger King” Tattoo Copyright Case. https://www.chiplawgroup.com/court-dismisses-netflix-tiger-king-tattoo-copyright-case.
Clough, C. (2024, January 24). 'Nobody' Gets Photo Licenses For Tattoos, Kat Von D Testifies. Law360. https://www.law360.com/articles/1789869.
Clough, C. (2024, January 26). Kat Von D’s Miles Davis Tattoo Didn’t Infringe Photo, Jury Says. Law360. https://www.law360.com/articles/1790793/kat-von-d-s-miles-davis-tattoo-didn-t-infringe-photo-jury-says.
Ferrara, D. (2016, July 25). Neo-Nazi gets makeover to hide tattoos from jury. Las Vegas Review-Journal, available at: https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/homicides/neo-nazi-gets-makeover-to-hide-tattoos-from-jury/.
Grasser, J. P. (2023, November 29).People Don’t Come to See the Tattoo, They Come to See the Show. Global IP and Technology Law Blog, available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e1ebb768-f174-44c9-9c06-0091c7266a1f.
Grossman, D., & Volk, M. (2020, September 26). Alexander v. Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.. https://www.loeb.com/en/insights/publications/2020/10/alexander-v-taketwo-interactive-software.
Hadley, M. (2020). Whitmill v Warner Bros. and the visibility of cultural appropriation claims. European intellectual property review, 42, 223-229.
Hibnick, M. (2002, August 16). Kat Von D Tattoo Infringement Case Moves Toward, Trial. https://copyrightalliance.org/kat-von-d-tattoo-infringement-case-trial/.
HodgsonRuss (2024, April 24). The Battle After Warhol: Tattoos as Artwork or Infringement?, available at: https://www.hodgsonruss.com/printpilot-publication-the-battle-after-warhol-tattoos-as-artwork-or-infringement.pdf?1732644450.
Hyde, R. (2011). Preserving Access to Tattoos: First Amendment Trumps Municipal Ban in Anderson v. City of Hermosa Beach. https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2011/iss1/9.
King, Y. M. (2016). Protection and enforcement challenges for tattoo copyrights. Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, 39(3), 437-440.
Leval, P.N. (1990). Toward a Fair Use Standard, 103 Harv. L. Rev. 1105, 1111.
Markin, G. (2023, February 3). Proprietary Ink: How One Tattoo Artist Took Take-Two to the Mat Over Unauthorized Use of Replica Tattoos on Wrestlers in WWE 2K Games. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/proprietary-ink-how-one-tattoo-artist-1225716/.
Moss, A. (2024, January 23). Kat Von D Tattoo Infringement Trial Begins (and Ends!): What You Need To Know. https://copyrightlately.com/kat-von-d-tattoo-infringement-trial-begins-what-you-need-to-know/.
Murphy, Brian. (2023, September 25). The Girl with the Tiger King Tattoo Loses Copyright Infringement Lawsuit Against Netflix. https://advertisinglaw.fkks.com/post/102io9r/the-girl-with-the-tiger-king-tattoo-loses-copyright-infringement-lawsuit-against.
O'Connor, S. D. & Supreme Court Of The United States. (1984) U.S. Reports: Harper & Row v. Nation Enterprises, 471 U.S. 539. [Periodical] Retrieved from the Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/usrep471539/.
Perzanowski, A. (2023, January 13).Tattoos, Norms, and Implied Licenses. 107 Minnesota Law Review Headnotes (2023, Forthcoming), U of Michigan Public Law Research Paper No. 23-014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4324090.
Schwartz, J. (2010, December 6). Extreme Makeover: Criminal Court Edition. The New York Times, available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/06/us/06tattoo.html.
Werbin, B. (2014, Februray). The ‘Transformation’ of Fair Use After Prince v. Cariou. https://www.herrick.com/publications/the-transformation-of-fair-use-after-prince-v-cariou/.
Wills, K. (2021). That tattoo her shoulder: the intersection of copyright law & tattoos. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law, 7(4), 622-662.
Wills, K., & Holt, T. L. (2024, February 12). The Legal Future of Tattoos: A Jury Rules Against Copyright Infringement, available at: https://www.perkinscoie.com/en/news-insights/the-legal-future-of-tattoos-a-jury-rules-against-copyright-infringement.html#Fex.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The Author declares that he or she has created the written work and holds exclusive and unlimited copyright /both moral and property rights/ and guarantees that no third parties have rights to the work.
2. In the view of the Copyright and Related Rights Act, a work must fulfill the following criterion:
a) be a manifestation of creative work,
b) have an individual character („author’s personal stamp”),
c) have a set form.
3. The Author declares that the text has not been previously published (under the same or different title, or as a part of another publication).
4. The Author allows (grants a non-exclusive license) the publishing house of University of Białystok to use the scholarly text to:
- preserve and multiply by means of any technique; save in a digital form with no limitations as to the manner and form of digital preservation;
- upload online with no limitations as to the place and time of access.
5. The Author grants consent for editorial changes made in the work.
6. The Author grants the University of Białystok rights free of charge for the duration of property copyright with no territory limits. The University has the right to grant sublicenses in the acquired rights.
7. Granting a non-exclusive license allows the Author to preserve their rights and allows other parties to make use of the work according to sublicensing agreement with provisions identical as those of Attribution 4.0 Internacional License (CC BY 4.0), available online at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. License to all its content published from 2023 and CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 to all its content published from 2017 to 2022.
8. The Agreement has been concluded for an indefinite period of time.
9. Because of costs born in preparation of the work for publishing, the Parties oblige themselves to act in good faith and refrain from declining to grant licenses.
10. To all matters not settled herein, provisions of the Civil Code and Copyright and Related Rights Act of 1994, February 4 shall apply.
11. All disputes shall be resolved by a court of local jurisdiction for the place of seat of University of Białystok.