Temporary protection of Ukrainian citizens in the light of the war crisis in the example of the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland - selected issues
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2023.07.03.06Keywords:
Temporary Protection, Integration Rights, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, PolandAbstract
This article deals with the current refugee crisis related to an ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine, its solutions, and its consequences from the perspective of the Czech Republic and Poland. As such, presented article focuses on Ukrainian citizens reception and integration rights development in the Czech Republic and Poland, with a special focus on the legal framework, public support of the Ukrainian refugees in the Czech Republic and Poland, as well as on selected integration rights. The main aim of this article is to evaluate basic Ukrainian integration rights during the first year of ongoing Russian war aggression.
Downloads
References
Act no. 65/2022 Sb. and Act no. 66/2022 Sb. regulating some measures in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine caused by the invasion of the troops of the Russian Federation.
Act of 12 March 2022 regulating assistance to citizens of Ukraine in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of the country (Polish Special Bill), Dz.U. 2022 item 583.
Act of 13 June regulating granting protection to foreigners within the territory of the Republic of Poland, Dz.U. 2003, No. 128, item 1176 (as amended).
Act of 22 April 2005 amending the Act on foreigners and the Act regulating granting protection to foreigners within the territory of the Republic of Poland and certain other acts, Dz.U. 2005 No. 94 item 788.
Beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of the month by citizenship, age and sex – monthly data:
Council Decision (EU) 2015/1523 of 14 September 2015 establishing provisional measures in the area of international protection for the benefit of Italy and of Greece, OJ L 239, 15.9.2015, p. 146–156.
Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015 establishing provisional measures in the area of international protection for the benefit of Italy and Greece, OJ L 248, 24.9.2015, p. 80–94.
Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Article 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection, OJ L 71, 4.3.2022, p. 1–6.
ČTK (2022, June 30). STEM: Ochota Čechů pomáhat Ukrajincům klesá, čtvrtina je proti pomoci. ČeskéNoviny.cz. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.ceskenoviny.cz/zpravy/stem-ochota-cechu-pomahat-ukrajincum-klesa-ctvrtina-je-proti-pomoci/2226421.
ČTK (2023, January 27). Vláda schválila úpravy podpory ukrajinských uprchlíků, platit mají od dubna. Seznam Zprávy. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-vlada-schvalila-upravy-podpory-ukrajinskych-uprchliku-platit-maji-od-dubna-224509.
Dane.gov.pl (2023a, January 2). Liczba studentów z obywatelstwem ukraińskim - stan na 02.01.2023. Retrieved from 19 January 2023 from https://dane.gov.pl/pl/dataset/2704,studenciobywateleukrainy/resource/44384/table?page=1&per_page=20&q=&sort=.
Dane.gov.pl (2023b, January 2). Uczniowie uchodźcy z Ukrainy w podziale na typy szkół, klasy i powiaty_stan na 02.01.2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023 from https://dane.gov.pl/pl/dataset/2711,uczniowie-uchodzukrainy/resource/44044/table?page=1&per_page=20&q=&sort.
Dane.gov.pl (2023c, Jaunary 17). Zarejestrowane wnioski o nadanie statusu UKR w związku z konfliktem na Ukrainie. Stan na 17.01.2023 r. Retrieved 19 January 2023 from https://dane.gov.pl/pl/dataset/2715,zarejestrowane-wnioski-o-nadanie-statusu-ukr/resource/44330/table?page=1&per_page=20&q=&sort=.
Eurostat (n.d.). Beneficiaries of temporary protection at the end of the month by citizenship, age and sex - monthly data. https://doi.org/10.2908/MIGR_ASYTPSM.
GUS (2022). Education in the 2021/2022 school year. Retrieved 19 January 2023 from https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5488/1/17/1/oswiata_i_wychowanie_2021_2022.pdf.
Joined cases C-715/17, C-718/17 and C-719/17, 2 April 2020. ECLI:EU:C:2020:257.
Josef, J. (2022, May 9). Zaměstnávání Ukrajinců na území České republiky. Právní prostor. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.pravniprostor.cz/clanky/pracovni-pravo/zamestnavani-ukrajincu-na-uzemi-ceske-republiky.
Kabrhelová, L. (2022, November 24). Válka na Ukrajině není naše, myslí si Češi. Odráží se to i v ochotě pomáhat. Seznam Zprávy. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/audio-podcast-5-59-jak-cesi-vnimaji-valku-na-ukrajine-nepovazuji-ji-za-svou-rika-expertka-219880.
KGSG (2023). Border traffic of persons - statistical data of persons evacuated to Poland from the territory of Ukraine (without out-of-area clearance) and persons cleared - to/from Poland (base of border traffic of persons) /24.02-31.12.2022 (for December 2022). Retrieved 14 January 2023 from https://dane.gov.pl/pl/dataset/2705,dane-statystyczne-dotyczace-sytuacji-na-granicy-z-Ukraina/resource/44234/table?page=1&per_page=20&q=&sort=.
Klimešová, M., Šatlava, J., & Ondruška, M. (2022). Situace uprchlíků z Ukrajiny, MPSV. Retrieved from https://www.mpsv.cz/-/mpsv-ma-unikatni-data-o-uprchlicich-z-ukrajiny-polovina-domacnosti-ma-dite-mladsi-5-let.
KPRM (2017, April 2). Komunikat Centrum Informacyjnego Rządu w związku z wyrokiem TSUE w sprawie relokacji uchodźców. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/komunikat-centrum-informacyjnego-rzadu-w-zwiazku-z-wyrokiem-tsue-w-sprawie-relokacji-uchodzcow.
Mlatečková, G. (2022, November 21). Polsko je vzorem solidarity. Maďaři myslí hlavně na sebe, Češi někde uprostřed. STEM/MARK. Retrieved 26 January 2023 from https://www.stemmark.cz/polsko-je-vzorem-solidarity-madari-mysli-hlavne-na-sebe-cesi-nekde-uprostred/.
MPSV (2022, July 22). Nové podmínky úhrad zdravotního pojištění uprchlíků: stát jej už nebude platit všem. Retrieved from https://www.mpsv.cz/web/cz/-/nove-podminky-uhrad-zdravotniho-pojisteni-uprchliku-stat-jej-uz-nebude-platit-vsem.
MPSV (n.d.). Informace k žádosti o solidární příspěvek. Retrieved from https://www.mpsv.cz/documents/20142/2786931/manual_solidarni_prispevek_A4_CERVEN_2022.pdf
MSWiA (2017, August 28). Reply to the European Commission: Poland is against the relocation mechanism. Retrieved from https://archiwum.mswia.gov.pl/en/news/932,Reply-to-the-European-Commission-Poland-is-against-the-relocation-mechanism.html.
PAP (2017, May 17). No forced refugee relocation – Polish MP. Retrieved from https://www.pap.pl/en/news/news%2C288943%2Cno-forced-refugee-relocation-polish-pm.html.
Plesník, V. (2022, June 18). Nový trend v Evropě: Kyvadlová migrace. Novinky.cz. Retrieved from https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/zahranicni-evropa-novy-trend-v-evrope-kyvadlova-migrace-40400505.
WHO (2022, August 16). Despite ongoing war and lack of access to care, many refugees return to Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/16-08-2022-despite-ongoing-war-and-lack-of-access-to-care--many-refugees-return-to-ukraine.
Wrońska, I., & Kraśnicka, I. (2014). Karta Polaka - wybrane problemy. In M. Perkowski, J. Szymański, & M. Zdanowicz (Eds.), Człowiek i prawo międzynarodowe: księga dedykowana Profesorowi Bogdanowi Wierzbickiemu (pp. 567-577). Temida 2.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
1. The Author declares that he or she has created the written work and holds exclusive and unlimited copyright /both moral and property rights/ and guarantees that no third parties have rights to the work.
2. In the view of the Copyright and Related Rights Act, a work must fulfill the following criterion:
a) be a manifestation of creative work,
b) have an individual character („author’s personal stamp”),
c) have a set form.
3. The Author declares that the text has not been previously published (under the same or different title, or as a part of another publication).
4. The Author allows (grants a non-exclusive license) the publishing house of University of Białystok to use the scholarly text to:
- preserve and multiply by means of any technique; save in a digital form with no limitations as to the manner and form of digital preservation;
- upload online with no limitations as to the place and time of access.
5. The Author grants consent for editorial changes made in the work.
6. The Author grants the University of Białystok rights free of charge for the duration of property copyright with no territory limits. The University has the right to grant sublicenses in the acquired rights.
7. Granting a non-exclusive license allows the Author to preserve their rights and allows other parties to make use of the work according to sublicensing agreement with provisions identical as those of Attribution 4.0 Internacional License (CC BY 4.0), available online at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. License to all its content published from 2023 and CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 to all its content published from 2017 to 2022.
8. The Agreement has been concluded for an indefinite period of time.
9. Because of costs born in preparation of the work for publishing, the Parties oblige themselves to act in good faith and refrain from declining to grant licenses.
10. To all matters not settled herein, provisions of the Civil Code and Copyright and Related Rights Act of 1994, February 4 shall apply.
11. All disputes shall be resolved by a court of local jurisdiction for the place of seat of University of Białystok.
